Which of the following are the default metrics used by the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)?

The default metrics used by the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) include bandwidth and delay. IGRP, a distance-vector routing protocol developed by Cisco, utilizes these two factors to determine the best path for data packets through a network.

Bandwidth is the measure of the maximum data transfer rate of a network link, reflecting the raw capacity available for data transmission. Delay accounts for the time taken for a packet to traverse a given path, incorporating various factors such as processing time, queuing time, and transmission time across each segment of the link.

By considering both bandwidth and delay, IGRP can make more informed routing decisions than simple hop count alone. This allows the protocol to prefer paths with higher bandwidth and lower delays, improving overall network performance and efficiency in data transmission.

The other metrics mentioned in the options do not represent the defaults for IGRP. For instance, while hop count is a metric used by other routing protocols, it is not part of IGRP’s default metric set, which prioritizes more dynamic factors affecting network performance.