How does the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) help maintain a loop-free network?

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that plays a crucial role in ensuring a loop-free topology in Ethernet networks. It achieves this by identifying and blocking redundant paths in the network.

In a network with multiple switches, redundant links can create loops, which can result in broadcast storms and adverse network performance. STP uses a tree structure to designate a single path for data to travel between nodes and identifies which paths should be kept active and which ones should be blocked.

By removing those redundant paths from active use while maintaining the structure of the network, STP effectively prevents data packets from circulating endlessly through loops. In the event that the active path fails, STP can quickly reactivate one of the previously blocked paths, allowing for redundancy without sacrificing network stability. This functionality is essential for maintaining network reliability and performance in environments with multiple active data paths.